Los ntawm polarization ntawm electromagnetic tsis

Cov cuab yeej uas qhov kev taw qhia thiab qhov amplitude ntawm electromagnetic yoj hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hloov nrog lub sijhawm yog hu ua polarization hauv optics.Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv no muaj txoj cai lij choj, nws yog hu ua polarized electromagnetic yoj .

(tom qab no hu ua polarized yoj)

7 lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kom paub txog "electromagnetic yoj polarization" yog:

1. Electromagnetic yoj polarization yog hais txog cov cuab yeej uas qhov kev taw qhia thiab amplitude ntawm electromagnetic yoj hluav taws xob siv zog hloov nrog lub sij hawm, uas yog hu ua polarization hauv optics.Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv no muaj txoj cai meej, nws yog hu ua polarized electromagnetic yoj (tom qab no hu ua polarized yoj).Yog hais tias qhov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub polarized electromagnetic yoj ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau (transverse) perpendicular mus rau qhov kev nthuav qhia, thiab qhov kawg ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob vector txav mus raws txoj kev kaw, qhov polarized electromagnetic yoj no hu ua lub dav hlau polarized yoj.Lub sagittal trajectory ntawm hluav taws xob teb yog hu ua polarization nkhaus, thiab polarization nthwv dej yog npe raws li cov duab ntawm lub polarization nkhaus.

2. 2. Rau ib lub dav hlau zaus polarized yoj, lub polarization nkhaus yog ib qho ellipse (hu ua polarization ellipse), yog li nws hu ua elliptical polarized yoj.Saib los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov lus qhia, yog tias qhov kev sib hloov ntawm cov hluav taws xob teb vector yog clockwise, uas ua raws li txoj cai helix txoj cai, nws yog hu ua txoj cai polarized yoj;Yog hais tias qhov kev taw qhia kev sib hloov yog counterclockwise thiab ua raws li txoj cai ntawm sab laug helix, nws yog hu ua sab laug tes polarized yoj.Raws li qhov ntsuas geometric ntawm polarization ellipse (saib geometric tsis ntawm polarization ellipse), elliptical polarization yoj tuaj yeem piav qhia ntau npaum li cas, uas yog, axial ratio (qhov piv ntawm qhov ntev axis mus rau luv axis), polarization. kev taw qhia lub kaum sab xis (oblique lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov ntev axis) thiab kev sib hloov kev taw qhia (txoj cai lossis sab laug tig).Lub elliptical polarized nthwv dej nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm 1 yog hu ua voj voog polarized yoj, thiab nws cov polarization nkhaus yog lub voj voog, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua sab xis lossis sab laug.Lub sijhawm no, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub polarization tsis meej, thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov pib taw qhia ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog hloov pauv.Lub elliptical polarization nthwv dej uas nws axial piv nyhav rau infinity yog hu ua linear polarization yoj.Kev taw qhia ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob teb vector yog ib txwm nyob ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim, thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim yog qhov kev taw qhia polarization.Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov kev taw qhia kev sib hloov poob nws lub ntsiab lus thiab hloov los ntawm thawj theem ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob.

3. Txhua lub elliptical polarization nthwv dej tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj cai-tes ncig polarization nthwv dej (sawv cev los ntawm ko taw R) thiab sab laug-tes ncig polarization nthwv dej (sawv cev los ntawm ko taw L).Yog hais tias lub linearly polarized nthwv dej yog decomposed rau hauv ob lub voj polarized nthwv dej nrog cov lus qhia kev sib hloov, lawv cov amplitudes yog sib npaug thiab lawv qhov kev taw qhia thawj zaug yog symmetrical rau ntawm linearly polarized nthwv dej.

4. Txhua qhov elliptical polarization nthwv dej kuj tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm ob kab polarized nthwv dej nrog orthogonal orthogonal.Feem ntau, ib qho ntawm cov kab polarized nthwv dej yog taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav (thiab perpendicular mus rau kev nthuav qhia), uas yog hu ua horizontally polarized nthwv dej (sawv cev los ntawm ko taw h);Txoj kev taw qhia ntawm lwm cov kab polarized nthwv dej yog ib txhij perpendicular mus rau kev taw qhia thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov kab rov tav polarized saum toj no, uas yog hu ua vertically polarized nthwv dej (xws li ko taw kos V) (qhov hluav taws xob teb vector ntawm vertically polarized yoj yog taw qhia. raws txoj kab kav dej tsuas yog thaum txoj kev nthuav tawm yog nyob rau hauv kab rov tav).Cov hluav taws xob teb vectors ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob polarized yoj muaj qhov sib txawv amplitude sum thiab sib txawv thawj theem sum.

5. Tib elliptical polarization nthwv dej tuaj yeem piav qhia ntau yam tsis yog los ntawm cov duab geometric ntawm cov polarization ellipse, tab sis kuj los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm ob lub txee rotating ncig polarization Cheebtsam los yog ob lub orthogonal linear polarization Cheebtsam.Polarization vajvoog daim ntawv qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov isolines ntawm ntau yam polarization tsis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub dav hlau equatorial.Lub kav hlau txais xov xa thiab tau txais hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob muaj qhov tseeb polarization, uas tuaj yeem muaj npe raws li electromagnetic yoj polarization nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws thaum nws siv los ua tus kav hlau txais xov.

6. Feem ntau, txhawm rau ua kom tau txais lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa tawm thiab txais cov kav hlau txais xov, kev xa thiab txais cov kav hlau txais xov nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov polarization yuav tsum tau siv.Qhov kev teeb tsa no yog hu ua polarization matching.Qee zaum, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qee qhov polarization nthwv dej, ib qhokav hlau txais xovnrog orthogonal polarization zog yog siv, xws li ib tug ntsug polarization kav hlau txais xov orthogonal mus rau kab rov tav polarization yoj;Tus kav hlau txais xov sab xis yog ib qho orthogonal rau sab laug-tes ncig polarized yoj.Qhov kev teeb tsa no yog hu ua polarization cais.

7. Lub peev xwm kev sib cais ntawm ob qho tib si orthogonal polarization tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntau lub tshuab ob lub polarization.Piv txwv li, siv ib tug kav hlau txais xov nrog dual polarization muaj nuj nqi kom paub dual channel kis tau tus mob los yog transceiver duplex;Ob lub kav hlau txais xov orthogonal polarization yog siv los paub txog polarization ntau haiv neeg txais tos lossis kev soj ntsuam stereoscopic (xws li zaj duab xis tso suab).Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv xws li chaw taws teeb sensing thiab radar lub hom phiaj kev lees paub, cov cuab yeej polarization ntawm cov nthwv dej tawg tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv amplitude thiab theem.

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